Flight of the Eagle
Early Middle Ages
In the early medieval period, as Roman control declined, the population moved to a more defensible location. They established a fortified village on a rocky outcrop known as the Roc, which provided natural protection against invasions, especially during the turbulent Merovingian and Carolingian eras.
High and Late Middle Ages
By the 10th century, the settlement had become known as Castellana. It was part of the County of Provence and grew in importance thanks to its location on a key trade and pilgrimage route (the Route Napoléon today). Fortifications were built to protect against Saracen raids and local feudal conflicts. The town expanded down from the Roc, with walls, gates, and towers.
Renaissance to French Revolution
In the 15th century, Castellane became a royal town, integrated into the Kingdom of France. Its strategic importance gradually declined, though it remained a local administrative and market center. During the French Revolution, its feudal structures were dismantled, and many ecclesiastical properties were seized or repurposed.
19th–20th Century
Castellane remained relatively isolated until the 19th century, when roads were improved and the Route Napoléon (named after Napoleon’s 1815 return from Elba) was constructed. In the 20th century, the town became increasingly oriented toward tourism due to its proximity to the Verdon Gorge and natural parks.
At the top of a promontory overlooking the village of Saint-Sauvant, the Saint-Sylvain church dates mainly from the twelfth century. Despite its strategic position, it has few traces of fortifications: only the stair tower, part of the nave and the bell tower seem to have been strengthened, probably during the Hundred Years War
Created in Saintongeais Romanesque style it is distinguished by a series of Lombard-inspired arches, surmounted by diamond tips, as well as a diversity of modillons with animals, fantastic beasts and human masks.
After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon Bonaparte hid on île d'Aix, trying to escape on one of the two French frigates in the bay. He failed and was taken on board the 74 gun ship of the line that had fought at the Battle of the Nile and the Battle of Trafalgar.